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Rabu, 17 Juni 2009

Membuat Ubuntu LiveUSB





Cara membuat remastering Ubuntu LiveCD telah kita bahas di bab sebelumnya. Sekarang kita akan membuat LiveUSB dari Flashdisk standar yang ada dipasaran, dengan menggunakan Ubuntu LiveUSB kita terhindar dari gagal instalasi karena media cacat (tergores, terbentur dll) seperti yang terdapat pada LiveCD, komputer masa kini mendukung boot melalui USB Flashdisk. Cara membuat cukup mudah dengan langkah sebagai berikut:

Instalasi aplikasi boot utility
apt-get install lilo grub mtools syslinux

Persiapan perangkat keras
1. Hapus partisi USB Flashdisk dan buat partisi baru

2. Buat partisi pada Flashdisk dengan option boot agar bisa dibooting pakai PC.


3. Format partisi Flashdisk dengan filesystem vfat / fat32 melalui ubuntu.

4. Mount partisi Flashdisk ke /mnt

5. Mount ISO LiveCD ke /media/cdrom

6. Salin isi ISO LiveCD ke Flashdisk

Pembuatan pilihan menu dan boot loader
1. Edit file syslinux.cfg pada Flashdisk

vim /mnt/syslinux.cfg

DEFAULT live
LABEL live
menu label Start or install Ubuntu
kernel boot/vmlinuz
append boot=casper BOOT=casper initrd=boot/initrd.gz ramdisk_size=1048576 root=/dev/ram rw --


2. Aktifkan pilihan menu

syslinux /dev/sda1



3. Buat boot loader USB Flashdisk
lilo -M /dev/sda

4. Tinggal rubah setup BIOS booting ke USB Flashdisk

Ngantuk mau tidur dulu ... terusin besok ya

Sabtu, 13 Juni 2009

Alokasi Static IP OpenVPN Client

Di sini kita akan bahas cara membuat statik IP OpenVPN Client, ok dech udah malam ... langsung aja !!!

1. Tambahkan settingan /etc/openvpn/server.conf parameter ..
client-config-dir /etc/openvpn/ccd
2. Buat direktori /etc/openvpn/ccd
mkdir /etc/openvpn/ccd
3. Buat file client untuk alokasi Static IP OpenVPN Client
vim /etc/openvpn/ccd/client3
ifconfig-push 10.8.1.21 255.255.255.0
4. Lengkapnya adalah sebagai berikut:
root@aples-desktop# tree /etc/openvpn/ccd/
/etc/openvpn/ccd/
|-- c315
|-- cibitung
|-- client3
|-- greataja
|-- hip3
`-- teladan
5. Restart openVPN server
/etc/init.d/openvpn restart


6. Restart OpenVPN Client (posisi saya di client3)
root@ubuntu:~# /etc/init.d/openvpn restart
root@ubuntu:~# ifconfig tap0
tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:ff:a7:fc:83:15
inet addr:10.8.1.21 Bcast:10.8.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::2ff:a7ff:fefc:8315/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:1628 (1.5 KB) TX bytes:3818 (3.7 KB)

Workshop OpenVPN & MPLS Virtual WAN .. klik
www.ardelindo.com

Sabtu, 06 Juni 2009

Report Ardelindo Blog Tutorial via Google Analytics

Linuxer ini ada sedikit info buat pengembang website yang ingin memantau akses situs kita, google menyediakan fasilitas namanya Google Analytics. Fitur yang diberikan cukup komplit, kita bisa melihat negara, kota, content terbanyak diakses bahkan sampai keyword. Untuk ardelindo.blogspot.com belum terkumpul banyak karena baru kami buat.

MPLS Virtual WAN Mobile Internet Broadband Access



Pada blog sebelumnya kita membahas konfigurasi MPLS Virtual WAN, dengan memanfaatkan VPN bridging dan Routing BGP. Sekarang kita membahas akses MPLS Virtual WAN melalui mobile internet broadband access (Ex: Smart Telecom Internet Unlimited 153kbps), untuk menghubungi komputer yang berada di subnet ardelindo (192.168.0.0/24), ruang pelatihan (192.168.3.0/24) dan customer (192.168.1.0/24).

Datacenter customer dan ardelindo datacenter adalah storage penyimpanan data terpusat, jadi saya bisa setiap saat mengambil file yang diperlukan agar bisa dikerjakan dirumah. Kedua saya juga bisa melakukan remote maintenance walaupun sedang berada diluar kantor.
Lokasi saya berada di perumahan bukit rivaria sawangan - depok, yang saya gunakan Personal Computer rakitan, terhubung langsung ke HP nokia 2865 melalui kabel DKU-2. Device ppp0 adalah perangkat yang dibuat linux otomatis saat kita terhubung ke jaringan Smart Telecom Internet Unlimited. Alamat IP VPN adaah sebagai berikut:

Rumah Sawangan
root@ubuntu:~# ifconfig ppp0
ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
inet addr:10.10.54.194 P-t-P:10.17.4.12 Mask:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1000 Metric:1
RX packets:4284 errors:1 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4492 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:3
RX bytes:1615893 (1.5 MiB) TX bytes:612388 (598.0 KiB)

Kantor Ardelindo
root@aples-desktop:~# ifconfig tap0
tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:ff:1c:6b:97:d1
inet addr:10.8.1.1 Bcast:10.8.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::2ff:1cff:fe6b:97d1/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:762478 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:844504 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:71179776 (67.8 MB) TX bytes:77438801 (73.8 MB)

Customer ABCDE
root@ubuntu:~# ifconfig tap0
tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:ff:c7:6f:74:d5
inet addr:10.8.1.4 Bcast:10.8.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::2ff:c7ff:fe6f:74d5/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:103107 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:55442 errors:0 dropped:99 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:7824984 (7.4 MB) TX bytes:4262522 (4.0 MB)


Pengujian koneksi
Setelah semua terhubung ke jaringan VPN, kita lakukan test koneksi dengan ICMP melalui PC Desktop rumah sawangan.
root@ubuntu:~# ping 10.8.1.1
PING 10.8.1.1 (10.8.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.8.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=527 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=543 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=559 ms

--- 10.8.1.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 3 received, 25% packet loss, time 3007ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 527.763/543.808/559.862/13.118 ms

root@ubuntu:~# ping 10.8.1.4
PING 10.8.1.4 (10.8.1.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.8.1.4: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=585 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.1.4: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=586 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.1.4: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=606 ms

--- 10.8.1.4 ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 3 received, 50% packet loss, time 5010ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 585.956/593.302/606.980/9.720 ms

dari hasil diatas kita lihat bahwa semua sudah terhubung dengan jaringan VPN.

Konfigurasi Routing BGP
Nah sekarang kita lakukan konfigurasi routing BGP untuk menghubungkan subnet kantor ardelindo, ruang pelatihan dan customer. Dalam contoh ini saya hanya perlihatkan settingan BGP nya, untuk keterangan lebih detail lihat di tutorial MPLS Virtual WAN.
Kantor Ardelindo
root@ubuntu:~# telnet 10.8.1.1 bgpd
bgpd> enable
bgpd# configure terminal
bgpd(config)# show running-config
router bgp 1001
bgp router-id 10.8.1.1
network 10.8.1.0/24
network 122.200.50.0/24
network 192.168.0.0/24
neighbor 10.8.1.4 remote-as 1005
neighbor 10.8.1.13 remote-as 1008
neighbor 192.168.0.90 remote-as 1001
neighbor 192.168.0.253 remote-as 1001

Customer ABCDE
root@ubuntu:~# telnet 10.8.1.4 bgpd
bgpd# show running-config
router bgp 1005
bgp router-id 10.8.1.4
network 192.168.1.0/24
neighbor 10.8.1.1 remote-as 1001
neighbor 10.8.1.13 remote-as 1008

Rumah Sawangan
root@ubuntu:~# telnet 127.0.0.1 bgpd
bgpd# show running-config
router bgp 1008
bgp router-id 10.8.1.13
neighbor 10.8.1.1 remote-as 1001
neighbor 10.8.1.4 remote-as 1005

Routing Table BGP
Kemudian setelah terhubung kita lihat routing table melalui zebra dan bgpd.
Rumah Sawangan
root@ubuntu:~# telnet 127.0.0.1 zebra
Router> show ip route
Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF,
I - ISIS, B - BGP, > - selected route, * - FIB route
K>* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, ppp0
B 10.8.1.0/24 [20/0] via 10.8.1.1 inactive, 01:26:21
C>* 10.8.1.0/24 is directly connected, tap0
C>* 10.17.4.12/32 is directly connected, ppp0
B>* 122.200.50.0/24 [20/0] via 10.8.1.1, tap0, 01:26:21
C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo
K * 169.254.0.0/16 is directly connected, eth0 inactive
B>* 192.168.0.0/24 [20/0] via 10.8.1.1, tap0, 01:26:21
B>* 192.168.1.0/24 [20/0] via 10.8.1.4, tap0, 01:24:26
S>* 192.168.1.99/32 [1/0] via 10.8.1.4, tap0
S>* 192.168.1.100/32 [1/0] via 10.8.1.4, tap0
Interface tap0 : perangkat VPN bridging

root@ubuntu:~# telnet 127.0.0.1 bgpd
bgpd> show ip bgp
BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 10.8.1.13
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.8.1.0/24 10.8.1.1 0 0 1001 i
*> 122.200.50.0/24 10.8.1.1 0 0 1001 i
*> 192.168.0.0 10.8.1.1 0 0 1001 i
*> 192.168.1.0 10.8.1.4 0 0 1005 i
*> 192.168.6.0 10.8.1.2 0 1001 1003 i
*> 192.168.10.0 10.8.1.2 0 1001 1003 i
Total number of prefixes 6

bgpd> show ip bgp neighbors
BGP neighbor is 10.8.1.1, remote AS 1001, local AS 1008, external link
BGP version 4, remote router ID 10.8.1.1
BGP state = Established, up for 01:18:43
Last read 00:00:43, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds
Neighbor capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received(old & new)
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
Received 179 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Sent 180 messages, 1 notifications, 0 in queue
Route refresh request: received 0, sent 0
Minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds

For address family: IPv4 Unicast
Community attribute sent to this neighbor(both)
7 accepted prefixes

bgpd> show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 10.8.1.13, local AS number 1008
3 BGP AS-PATH entries
0 BGP community entries
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
10.8.1.1 4 1001 181 183 0 0 0 01:20:39 7
10.8.1.4 4 1005 176 188 0 0 0 01:21:32 1
Total number of neighbors 2

root@ubuntu:~# netstat -nr
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
192.168.1.99 10.8.1.4 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tap0
192.168.1.100 10.8.1.4 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tap0
10.17.4.12 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0
192.168.6.0 10.8.1.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0
192.168.4.0 10.8.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0
122.200.50.0 10.8.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0
192.168.3.0 10.8.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0
192.168.0.0 10.8.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0
10.8.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0
192.168.10.0 10.8.1.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 ppp0
Interface tap0 : perangkat VPN bridging


Kantor Ardelindo
root@ubuntu:~# telnet 10.8.1.1 zebra
Router> show ip route
Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF,
I - ISIS, B - BGP, > - selected route, * - FIB route
K>* 0.0.0.0/0 via 122.200.52.1, eth1
C>* 10.8.1.0/24 is directly connected, tap0
C>* 10.8.10.0/24 is directly connected, tap1
C>* 122.200.52.0/25 is directly connected, eth1
C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo
C>* 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, eth3
K>* 192.168.0.63/32 via 10.8.1.5, tap0
K>* 192.168.0.218/32 via 10.8.1.5, tap0
B>* 192.168.1.0/24 [20/0] via 10.8.1.4, tap0, 01:25:44
S>* 192.168.1.99/32 [1/0] via 10.8.1.4, tap0
S>* 192.168.1.100/32 [1/0] via 10.8.1.4, tap0

root@ubuntu:~# telnet 10.8.1.1 bgpd
bgpd> show ip bgp
BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 10.8.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.8.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 122.200.50.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 192.168.1.0 10.8.1.13 0 1008 1005 i
*>i192.168.3.0 192.168.0.253 0 100 0 i
*>i192.168.4.0 192.168.0.253 0 100 0 i
*> 192.168.6.0 10.8.1.2 0 0 1003 i
*> 192.168.10.0 10.8.1.2 0 0 1003 i
Total number of prefixes 8

bgpd> show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 10.8.1.1, local AS number 1001
RIB entries 15, using 960 bytes of memory
Peers 8, using 20 KiB of memory
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
10.8.1.2 4 1003 1915 1970 0 0 0 1d02h09m 2
10.8.1.4 4 1005 7162 7391 0 0 0 2d12h46m Idle
10.8.1.12 4 1007 82 121 0 0 0 5d03h37m Active
10.8.1.13 4 1008 1237 1387 0 0 0 01:24:49 1
192.168.0.90 4 1001 148 153 0 0 0 2d05h02m Active
192.168.0.253 4 1001 2894 2942 0 0 0 00:07:48 2
Total number of neighbors 6


Customer ABCDE
root@ubuntu:~# telnet 10.8.1.4 zebra
Router> show ip route
Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF,
I - ISIS, B - BGP, > - selected route, * - FIB route
K>* 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.168.0.2, eth3
B 10.8.1.0/24 [20/0] via 10.8.1.1 inactive, 01:27:16
C>* 10.8.1.0/24 is directly connected, tap0
B>* 122.200.50.0/24 [20/0] via 10.8.1.1, tap0, 01:27:16
C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo
K>* 169.254.0.0/16 is directly connected, eth1
B 192.168.0.0/24 [20/0] via 10.8.1.1, tap0, 01:27:16
C>* 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, eth3
S>* 192.168.0.71/32 [1/0] via 10.8.1.2, tap0
S>* 192.168.0.253/32 [1/0] via 10.8.1.2, tap0
C>* 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, eth1

root@ubuntu:~# telnet 10.8.1.4 bgpd
bgpd> show ip bgp
BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 10.8.1.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.8.1.0/24 10.8.1.13 0 1008 1001 i
*> 122.200.50.0/24 10.8.1.13 0 1008 1001 i
*> 192.168.0.0 10.8.1.13 0 1008 1001 i
*> 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 192.168.3.0 10.8.1.13 0 1008 1001 i
*> 192.168.4.0 10.8.1.13 0 1008 1001 i
*> 192.168.6.0 10.8.1.13 0 1008 1001 1003 i
*> 192.168.10.0 10.8.1.13 0 1008 1001 1003 i
Total number of prefixes 8

bgpd> show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 10.8.1.4, local AS number 1005
RIB entries 15, using 960 bytes of memory
Peers 3, using 7536 bytes of memory

Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
10.8.1.1 4 1001 5868 7357 0 0 0 2d12h52m Idle
10.8.1.13 4 1008 693 712 0 0 0 01:31:35 7
Total number of neighbors 2

Pengujian koneksi antar subnet
Dari hasil routing diatas bisa kita simpulkan sekarang semua subnet sudah terhubung. Untuk meyakinkan kita lakukan test ICMP dari PC rumah sawangan ke setiap server yang ada pada gambar topologi diatas.

Ke Kantor Ardelindo
root@ubuntu:~# ping 192.168.0.71 (Ardelindo Datacenter)
PING 192.168.0.71 (192.168.0.71) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.0.71: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=509 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.71: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=609 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.71: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=530 ms

root@ubuntu:~# ping 192.168.0.3 (Ardelindo IP Phone)
PING 192.168.0.3 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1130 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=685 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=681 ms


Ke Customer ABCDE
root@ubuntu:~# ping 192.168.1.100 (Datacenter)
PING 192.168.1.100 (192.168.1.100) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=585 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=628 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=606 ms

root@ubuntu:~# ping 192.168.1.102 (Application Server)
PING 192.168.1.102 (192.168.1.102) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.102: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=643 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.102: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=601 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.102: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=1398 ms

root@ubuntu:~# ping 192.168.1.99 (Webmail)
PING 192.168.1.99 (192.168.1.99) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.99: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=572 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.99: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=589 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.99: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=625 ms

root@ubuntu:~# ping 192.168.1.103 (Backup Server)
PING 192.168.1.103 (192.168.1.103) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.103: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=801 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.103: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=685 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.103: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=644 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.103: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=843 ms

Akses Ardelindo dan Customer ABCDE
Sekarang kita lakukan akses secara nyata menggunakan nautilus untuk mengambil data yang ada di ardelindo dan customer, serta melakukan akses webmail secara lokal.

Koneksi ke Ardelindo Datacenter

Koneksi Ke Ardelindo Hotspot Management


Koneksi Ke Customer ABCDE

Linux Training: www.ardelindo.com

Internet Paket Smart Nokia 2865 Ubuntu


Perangkat Koneksi Internet

Paket Smart: Nokia 2865
Harga : Rp. 900.000,- (tidak termasuk kabel DKU-2)

Fasilitas:
Gratis : Paket Internet 12GByte selama 6 Bulan
tiap bulan dapat 2 GByte
speed 32kbps (setelah saya test)
klo mau cepet update ke paket internet unlimited

Paket Pulsa Rp. 120.000,- selama 6 Bulan
tiap bulan dapat pulsa Rp. 20.000,-

Perangkat Koneksi Komputer
Jenis : Kabel USB DKU-2 Original
Harga : Rp. 150.000,-

Sistem Operasi
Linux : Ubuntu Feisty - Jaunty
Aplikasi : wvdial

Instalasi wvdial
apt-get install wvdial

Deteksi Nokia 2865 CDMA
root@ubuntu:~# lsusb
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 058f:6387 Alcor Micro Corp.
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 0421:04dc Nokia Mobile Phones
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 046d:c019 Logitech, Inc.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000

Konfigurasi wvdial
root@ubuntu:~# wvdialconf
Modem Port Scan<*1>: S1 S2 S3
WvModem<*1>: Cannot get information for serial port.
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 Z -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0 -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Modem Identifier: ATI -- Nokia
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 4800: AT -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 9600: AT -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 19200: AT -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 38400: AT -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 57600: AT -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 115200: AT -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 230400: AT -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Speed 460800: AT -- OK
ttyACM0<*1>: Max speed is 460800; that should be safe.
ttyACM0<*1>: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0 -- OK

Found an USB modem on /dev/ttyACM0.
Modem configuration written to /etc/wvdial.conf.
ttyACM0: Speed 460800; init "ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0"

root@ubuntu:~# vim /etc/wvdial.conf
[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Password = smart
Phone = #777
Modem Type = USB Modem
Baud = 460800
New PPPD = yes
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
ISDN = 0
Username = smart
; Phone =
; Password =
; Username =

Jalankan wvdial
root@ubuntu:~# wvdial
--> WvDial: Internet dialer version 1.56
--> Cannot get information for serial port.
--> Initializing modem.
--> Sending: ATZ
ATZ
OK
--> Sending: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
OK
--> Modem initialized.
--> Sending: ATDT#777
--> Waiting for carrier.
ATDT#777
CONNECT
~[7f]}#@!}!}!} }9}"}&} } } } }#}%B#}%}%}&} ] D}'}"}(}"6i~
--> Carrier detected. Waiting for prompt.
~[7f]}#@!}!}"} }9}"}&} } } } }#}%B#}%}%}&} ]Dj}'}"}(}"N}2~
--> PPP negotiation detected.
--> Starting pppd at Sat Jun 6 03:36:09 2009
--> Pid of pppd: 28971
--> Using interface ppp0
--> pppd: �[08][06][08]�[0c][06][08]
--> pppd: �[08][06][08]�[0c][06][08]
--> pppd: �[08][06][08]�[0c][06][08]
--> pppd: �[08][06][08]�[0c][06][08]
--> local IP address 10.10.7.195
--> pppd: �[08][06][08]�[0c][06][08]
--> remote IP address 10.17.4.12
--> pppd: �[08][06][08]�[0c][06][08]
--> primary DNS address 10.17.3.254
--> pppd: �[08][06][08]�[0c][06][08]
--> secondary DNS address 202.43.178.245
--> pppd: �[08][06][08]�[0c][06][08]

Test koneksi internet
root@ubuntu:~# ping www.yahoo.com
PING www-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com (209.131.36.158) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from f1.www.vip.sp1.yahoo.com (209.131.36.158): icmp_seq=1 ttl=47 time=599 ms
64 bytes from f1.www.vip.sp1.yahoo.com (209.131.36.158): icmp_seq=2 ttl=47 time=599 ms
64 bytes from f1.www.vip.sp1.yahoo.com (209.131.36.158): icmp_seq=3 ttl=47 time=599 ms
64 bytes from f1.www.vip.sp1.yahoo.com (209.131.36.158): icmp_seq=4 ttl=47 time=599 ms
64 bytes from f1.www.vip.sp1.yahoo.com (209.131.36.158): icmp_seq=5 ttl=47 time=599 ms
64 bytes from f1.www.vip.sp1.yahoo.com (209.131.36.158): icmp_seq=6 ttl=47 time=579 ms

SELAMAT BER INTERNET RIA
www.ardelindo.com

Jumat, 05 Juni 2009

Simple Network Management Protocol

Kalian Network Administrator pasti pernah membaca tentang SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), baik pada sistem operasi linux maupun perangkat keras seperti router atau access point.

Apakah SNMP itu ?
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) merupakan protokol standard industri yang digunakan untuk memonitor dan mengelola berbagai perangkat di jaringan Internet meliputi hub, router, switch, workstation dan sistem manajemen jaringan secara jarak jauh (remote).
Referensi: ID Wikipedia

Data apa saja yang diberikan oleh SNMP ?
Banyak data mengenai perangkat dan sistem, kita bisa memantau sumber daya perangkat (beban memory, cpu, system, kapasitas hardisk / partisi, temperatur MotherBoard terintegrasi LM Sensor dll). Yang paling penting kita bisa mengetahui lalu lintas data (trafik) pada router, access point dan modem adsl.
Data SNMP via tools SCLI (SNMP Client Interface)
root@ubuntu:~# scli 202.45.xxx.xxx rahasia
100-scli version 0.2.12 (c) 2001-2002 Juergen Schoenwaelder
100-scli trying SNMPv2c ... good
(202.45.xxx.xxx) scli > show system info
Name: aples-desktop
Address: 202.45.xxx.xxx:161
Description: Internet Gateway
Contact: Budi Santoso (info@ardelindo.com)
Location: PT. Ardelindo APles
Vendor: NET-SNMP
Current Time: 2009-06-05 23:54:58 +07:00
Agent Boot Time: 2009-05-23 09:58:29 +07:00
System Boot Time: 2009-05-23 09:58:16 +07:00
System Boot Args: root=UUID=e0a07def-9109-4beb-87c7-e3de1bb3c579 ro quiet splash
Users: 1
Processes: 122
Memory: 471M
Interfaces: 7
Interface Swap: 2009-05-30 18:43:40 +07:00

(202.45.xxx.xxx) scli > show system storage
INDEX DESCRIPTION TYPE SIZE USED FREE USE%
1 Physical memory ram 471M 439M 31M 93
3 Virtual memory virtual memory 3068M 911M 2156M 29
6 Memory buffers other
7 Cached memory other
8 Shared memory other
10 Swap space virtual memory 2596M 471M 2124M 18
31 / fixed disk 9G 2783M 7372M 27
32 /home fixed disk 31G 21G 9G 68
33 /var fixed disk 29G 24G 5337M 82
34 /var/www/jaunty removable disk 697M 697M ----- 100
35 /tambahan fixed disk 18G 10G 7870M 58
36 /var/www/ubuntu removable disk 697M 697M ----- 100

(202.45.xxx.xxx) scli > show interface stats
INTERFACE STATUS I-BPS O-BPS I-PPS O-PPS I-ERR O-ERR DESCRIPTION
1 UU-N ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- lo
2 UUCN ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- eth3
3 UUCN ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- eth1
4 DDCN ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- eth2
6 DDCN ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- tun0
10 UUCN ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- tap0
13 UUCN ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- tap1

Perangkat apa yang memiliki fasilitas SNMP ?
Perangkat keras (hardware) jaringan komputer masa kini kebanyakan menambahkan fasilitas snmp untuk memantau sumber daya (resource) maupun trafik yang melintasi perangkat. Dengan adanya perangkat beban trafik paket data kita bisa pantau melalui aplikasi NMS (Network Management System) seperti CACTI.

Kita juga bisa memantau trafik paket data yang melintasi Linux Internet Gateway dengan memasang aplikasi Net SNMP dan memantau statistiknya pada NMS CACTI.

Wireless Access Point

Modem ADSL

PC Router Linux Net-SNMP

Network Management System
Kita bisa memantau trafik pada setiap perangkat yang terpasang pada jaringan LAN maupun internet, perangkat tersebut kita hubungkan dengan aplikasi NMS CACTI dan MRTG (Multi Router Traffic Grapher). NMS bertugas untuk menyimpan data, melakukan analisa (perhitungan) dan menampilkan dalam bentuk grafis, sehingga mudah dipantau oleh pengguna biasa serta network administrator. Diagram dibawah ini menggambarkan hubungan perangkat yang didukung oleh fasilitas SNMP dengan NMS MRTG (MRTG sekarang digantikan oleh CACTI karena kurang fitur).





CACTI Network Management System


Instalasi Net SNMP
Cara instalasi Net SNMP pada Ubuntu sangat mudah, setelah kita konfigurasi repository, jalankan perintah.

apt-get install snmpd snmp scli

Kemudian konfigurasi file /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

Konfigurasi Net-SNMP
#/usr/local/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
# define RO community
rocommunity public
rwcommunity budi

# First, map the community name "public" into a "security name"
# sec.name source community
com2sec public default public
com2sec budi localhost budi

####
# Second, map the security name into a group name:
# groupName securityModel securityName
group public v1 public
group public v2c public
group public usm public

access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact systemview none none
view all included .1 80
view mib2 included .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2 fc
sysdescr "Internet Gateway PT. ARDELINDO”
syscontact Administrator (budi11@graffiti.net)
sysname Mandrake 10.0
syslocation Depok 2006

Query snmp
Query SNMP diperlukan untuk mengetahui hasil dari konfigurasi Net-SNMP.

[root@mandrake root]# snmpwalk -v 2c localhost -c public interface
IF-MIB::ifDescr.1 = STRING: lo
IF-MIB::ifDescr.2 = STRING: eth0
IF-MIB::ifDescr.3 = STRING: eth1

[root@mandrake root]# snmpget -v 2c localhost -c public IF-MIB::ifOutOctets.2
IF-MIB::ifOutOctets.2 = Counter32: 12039726
SNMP Translate
snmptranslate -Tt|less
snmptranslate -To|less
snmptranslate -Onf -IR sysDescr
snmptranslate -On -IR sysDescr
snmptranslate -Tl | head
snmptranslate -Ta | head

Selasa, 02 Juni 2009

Konfigurasi USB Modem ZTE MF622 di linux

Provider Internet: Indosat IM2
Perangkat: ZTE MF622

Download USB Mode Switch http://www.draisberghof.de/usb_modeswitch/usb_modeswitch-0.9.6.tar.bz2

1.) Instalasi USB MODE SWITCH
tar xjvf /home/nusa/Desktop/usb_modeswitch-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd usb_modeswitch-0.9.6/
cp usb_modeswitch /sbin/
cp usb_modeswitch /usr/sbin/

2.) Tambahkan Script pada udev
vi /etc/udev/rules.d/15-zte-mf622.rules
ACTION!=”add”, GOTO=”ZTE_End”

# Is this the ZeroCD device?
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, SYSFS{idProduct}==”2000″,
SYSFS{idVendor}==”19d2″, GOTO=”ZTE_ZeroCD”

# Is this the actual modem?
SUBSYSTEM==”usb”, SYSFS{idProduct}==”0001″,
SYSFS{idVendor}==”19d2″, GOTO=”ZTE_Modem”

LABEL=”ZTE_ZeroCD”
# This is the ZeroCD part of the card, remove
# the usb_storage kernel module so
# it does not get treated like a storage device
RUN+=”/sbin/rmmod usb_storage”

LABEL=”ZTE_Modem”
# This is the Modem part of the card, let’s
# load usbserial with the correct vendor
# and product ID’s so we get our usb serial devices
#RUN+=”/sbin/modprobe usbserial vendor=0×19d2 product=0×0002″
# Make users belonging to the dialout group
# able to use the usb serial devices.
RUN+="/usr/sbin/usb_modeswitch -d 1 -v 0x19d2 -p 0x2000 -V 0x19d2 -P 0x0001"
MODE=”660″, GROUP=”dialout”
LABEL=”ZTE_End”


3.) Konfigurasi Mode Switch
vi /etc/usb_modeswitch.conf
########################################################
# ZTE MF622 (aka "Onda MDC502HS")
#
# Contributor: "andylog"

DefaultVendor= 0x19d2
DefaultProduct= 0x2000

TargetVendor= 0x19d2
TargetProduct= 0x0001

MessageEndpoint=0x04
MessageContent="55534243f8f993882000000080000a85010101180101010101000000000000"


4.) Buat Sript autorun
vi /sbin/mydevice_switch.sh
#!/bin/sh
sh -c "sleep 4; /sbin/usb_modeswitch" &
exit 0
chmod +x /sbin/mydevice_switch.sh

5. Reboot komputer
shutdown -r now

6.) Setelah PC/Laptop on tancapkan USB Modem ZTE MF622
jalankan perintah dmesg untuk check deteksi modem

dmesg
usb 2-2: new full speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 5
usb 2-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
scsi3 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
usb 2-2: New USB device found, idVendor=19d2, idProduct=2000
usb 2-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
usb 2-2: Product: USB ZTE Storage
usb 2-2: Manufacturer: Qualcomm, Incorporated
usb-storage: device found at 5
usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning
usb 2-2: USB disconnect, address 5
hub 1-0:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 3
usb 2-2: new full speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 6
usb 2-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
option 2-2:1.0: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
usb 2-2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0
option 2-2:1.1: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
usb 2-2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1
option 2-2:1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
usb 2-2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2
usb 2-2: New USB device found, idVendor=19d2, idProduct=0001
usb 2-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
usb 2-2: Product: ZTE CDMA Technologies MSM
usb 2-2: Manufacturer: Qualcomm, Incorporated
usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 8
usb 1-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice



7.) Konfigurasi WVDIAL
vi /etc/wvdial.conf
[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = Analog Modem
; Phone =

ISDN = 0
; Username =

; Password =

Phone = *99***1#
dns = 202.155.0.10
dns = 202.155.0.15
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Username = xxxxx
Password = xxxxx
Baud = 460800

8.) Jalankan WVDial
wvdial

--> WvDial: Internet dialer version 1.60
--> Cannot get information for serial port.
--> Initializing modem.
--> Sending: ATZ
ATZ
OK
--> Sending: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
OK
--> Modem initialized.
--> Sending: ATDT*99***1#
--> Waiting for carrier.
ATDT*99***1#
CONNECT
--> Carrier detected. Waiting for prompt.
--> Don't know what to do! Starting pppd and hoping for the best.
--> Starting pppd at Wed Jun 3 01:21:22 2009
--> Pid of pppd: 3714
--> pppd: �[1c]�[08] &�[08]
--> Using interface ppp0
--> pppd: �[1c]�[08] &�[08]
--> pppd: �[1c]�[08] &�[08]
--> pppd: �[1c]�[08] &�[08]
--> local IP address 114.58.201.88
--> pppd: �[1c]�[08] &�[08]
--> remote IP address 10.64.64.64
--> pppd: �[1c]�[08] &�[08]
--> primary DNS address 202.155.0.10
--> pppd: �[1c]�[08] &�[08]
--> secondary DNS address 202.155.0.15
--> pppd: �[1c]�[08] &�[08]